fix: 启动时自动迁移缺失的数据库列

问题：旧版数据库缺少 user_id 列导致 500 错误
修复：
- init.ts 启动时自动检测并添加缺失列
- 删除 deploy/ 目录，改为手动部署
- 添加 migrate.sql 迁移脚本
- 更新 CLAUDE.md 部署说明

CLAUDE.md

@@ -145,6 +145,27 @@ cd server && npm run db:init
 - MySQL: 本地 3306 端口
 - 微信小程序上线需配置 HTTPS 域名 (替换 `request.ts` 中的 `BASE_URL`)
 
+### 手动部署步骤
+
+```bash
+# 1. 本地构建后端
+cd server && npm run build
+
+# 2. 复制 dist 目录到服务器
+scp -r server/dist/* root@106.14.208.43:/var/www/xiaocai/
+
+# 3. SSH 到服务器
+ssh root@106.14.208.43
+
+# 4. 安装依赖（如 node_modules 已存在可跳过）
+cd /var/www/xiaocai && npm install --production
+
+# 5. 重启服务
+pm2 restart xiaocai-server
+# 或直接运行
+node dist/index.js
+```
+
 ## 开发
 
 @DEV.md

deploy/backup.sh

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-# 数据库备份脚本 (每天执行)
-
-BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups/xiaocai"
-DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
-
-mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
-
-mysqldump -u xiaocai -pxiaocai123 xiaocai | gzip > "$BACKUP_DIR/xiaocai_$DATE.sql.gz"
-
-# 保留最近 7 天的备份
-find "$BACKUP_DIR" -name "*.sql.gz" -mtime +7 -delete
-
-echo "备份完成: $BACKUP_DIR/xiaocai_$DATE.sql.gz"

deploy/deploy.sh

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-# 小菜记账部署脚本
-
-set -e
-
-SERVER_DIR="/var/www/xiaocai"
-LOG_DIR="/var/log/xiaocai"
-
-echo "=== 开始部署 ==="
-
-# 进入项目目录
-cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
-
-# 构建服务端
-echo "1/4 构建服务端..."
-cd server
-npm install
-npm run build
-cd ..
-
-# 复制文件到服务器目录
-echo "2/4 复制文件..."
-cp -r server/dist "$SERVER_DIR/"
-cp -r server/node_modules "$SERVER_DIR/"
-cp server/package.json "$SERVER_DIR/"
-cp deploy/ecosystem.config.js "$SERVER_DIR/"
-
-# 初始化数据库
-echo "3/4 初始化数据库..."
-cd "$SERVER_DIR"
-mysql -u xiaocai -pxiaocai123 xiaocai < dist/db/schema.sql
-mysql -u xiaocai -pxiaocai123 xiaocai < dist/db/seed.sql 2>/dev/null || true
-cd -
-
-# 配置 Nginx
-echo "4/4 配置 Nginx..."
-sudo cp deploy/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/xiaocai
-sudo ln -sf /etc/nginx/sites-available/xiaocai /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
-sudo rm -f /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
-sudo nginx -t
-sudo systemctl reload nginx
-
-# 重启服务
-echo "重启 PM2 服务..."
-cd "$SERVER_DIR"
-pm2 delete xiaocai-server 2>/dev/null || true
-pm2 start ecosystem.config.js
-pm2 save
-
-echo ""
-echo "=== 部署完成 ==="
-echo "服务地址: http://your-domain.com"
-echo "API 健康检查: http://your-domain.com/api/health"
-echo ""
-echo "查看日志: pm2 logs xiaocai-server"
-echo "查看状态: pm2 status"

deploy/ecosystem.config.js

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-module.exports = {
-  apps: [
-    {
-      name: 'xiaocai-server',
-      script: './dist/index.js',
-      instances: 1,
-      autorestart: true,
-      watch: false,
-      max_memory_restart: '300M',
-      env: {
-        NODE_ENV: 'production',
-        PORT: 3000
-      },
-      error_file: '/var/log/xiaocai/error.log',
-      out_file: '/var/log/xiaocai/out.log',
-      log_date_format: 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss'
-    }
-  ]
-}

deploy/nginx.conf

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-server {
-    listen 80;
-    server_name your-domain.com;
-
-    # 小程序 API
-    location /api/ {
-        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
-        proxy_set_header Host $host;
-        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
-        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
-        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
-    }
-
-    # 健康检查
-    location /health {
-        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
-    }
-
-    # SSL 配置 (上线前取消注释)
-    # listen 443 ssl;
-    # ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/fullchain.pem;
-    # ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/privkey.pem;
-
-    # HTTP 重定向到 HTTPS
-    # return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
-}

deploy/setup.sh

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-# 小菜记账服务器初始化脚本
-# 适用于 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS + 阿里云 2H2G
-
-set -e
-
-echo "=== 小菜记账服务器初始化 ==="
-
-# 更新系统
-echo "1/8 更新系统包..."
-sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
-
-# 安装 Node.js 20
-echo "2/8 安装 Node.js 20..."
-curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | sudo -E bash -
-sudo apt install -y nodejs
-
-# 安装 MySQL 8.0
-echo "3/8 安装 MySQL 8.0..."
-sudo apt install -y mysql-server
-
-# 安全配置 MySQL
-echo "4/8 配置 MySQL..."
-sudo mysql -e "ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root_password';"
-sudo mysql -e "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS xiaocai DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;"
-sudo mysql -e "CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS 'xiaocai'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'xiaocai123';"
-sudo mysql -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON xiaocai.* TO 'xiaocai'@'localhost';"
-sudo mysql -e "FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
-
-# 安装 Nginx
-echo "5/8 安装 Nginx..."
-sudo apt install -y nginx
-
-# 安装 PM2
-echo "6/8 安装 PM2..."
-sudo npm install -g pm2
-
-# 创建部署目录
-echo "7/8 创建部署目录..."
-sudo mkdir -p /var/www/xiaocai
-sudo mkdir -p /var/log/xiaocai
-sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/xiaocai
-
-# 配置防火墙
-echo "8/8 配置防火墙..."
-sudo ufw allow 22/tcp
-sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
-sudo ufw allow 443/tcp
-sudo ufw --force enable
-
-echo ""
-echo "=== 服务器初始化完成 ==="
-echo "MySQL root 密码: root_password"
-echo "MySQL xiaocai 密码: xiaocai123"
-echo "请修改 deploy/ecosystem.config.js 中的数据库密码"
-echo ""
-echo "下一步: ./deploy.sh"

server/src/db/init.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,31 @@ import pool from './connection'
 import { readFileSync } from 'fs'
 import { join } from 'path'
 
+async function columnExists(conn: mysql.Connection, table: string, column: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  const [rows] = await conn.query(
+    `SELECT COUNT(*) as cnt FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND TABLE_NAME = ? AND COLUMN_NAME = ?`,
+    [table, column]
+  )
+  return (rows as any[])[0].cnt > 0
+}
+
+async function runMigrations(conn: mysql.Connection) {
+  // transactions 表添加 user_id
+  if (!await columnExists(conn, 'transactions', 'user_id')) {
+    console.log('[DB] Migrating: adding user_id to transactions')
+    await conn.query('ALTER TABLE transactions ADD COLUMN user_id INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 AFTER id')
+    await conn.query('ALTER TABLE transactions ADD INDEX idx_user_date (user_id, date)')
+    await conn.query('ALTER TABLE transactions ADD INDEX idx_user_type_date (user_id, type, date)')
+  }
+
+  // budgets 表添加 user_id
+  if (!await columnExists(conn, 'budgets', 'user_id')) {
+    console.log('[DB] Migrating: adding user_id to budgets')
+    await conn.query('ALTER TABLE budgets ADD COLUMN user_id INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 AFTER id')
+    await conn.query('ALTER TABLE budgets ADD UNIQUE KEY uk_user_month (user_id, month)')
+  }
+}
+
 export async function initDatabase() {
   const dbName = process.env.DB_NAME || 'xiaocai'
 
@@ -38,10 +63,14 @@ export async function initDatabase() {
     const seed = readFileSync(seedPath, 'utf-8')
     await initConn.query(seed)
 
+    // 运行迁移（添加缺失列）
+    await runMigrations(initConn)
+
     console.log('[DB] Database initialized')
   } catch (err: any) {
     if (err.code === 'ER_DUP_ENTRY' || err.errno === 1062) {
       console.log('[DB] Already initialized, skipping seed')
+      await runMigrations(initConn)
     } else {
       console.error('[DB] Init failed:', err.message)
     }

server/src/db/migrate.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-- 迁移脚本：为缺少 user_id 的表添加该列
+-- 适用于旧版数据库升级
+
+-- transactions 表添加 user_id
+ALTER TABLE transactions ADD COLUMN user_id INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 AFTER id;
+ALTER TABLE transactions ADD INDEX idx_user_date (user_id, date);
+ALTER TABLE transactions ADD INDEX idx_user_type_date (user_id, type, date);
+ALTER TABLE transactions ADD FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+
+-- budgets 表添加 user_id
+ALTER TABLE budgets ADD COLUMN user_id INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 AFTER id;
+ALTER TABLE budgets ADD UNIQUE KEY uk_user_month (user_id, month);
+ALTER TABLE budgets ADD FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+
+-- categories 表确认 user_id 存在（旧版可能也没有）
+ALTER TABLE categories ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS user_id INT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '0=默认分类, 其他=用户自定义' AFTER id;